GRANDPA'S SHORT-HANDLED HOE
EL AZADÓN DE MANGO CORTO DEL ABUELITO
first URL in English and Spanish
short story by Dennis O'Leary, bilingual teacher
second URL is variation in play format
SHORT HOE ACTIVITY
excellent hands-on experience
children work with a fascimile of this cruel tool for a short time
banished from use in the fields in 1975
used in thinning sugar beets and lettuce
César Chávez never looked at a head of lettuce in a market
without thinking of how laborers had suffered for it from seed
to harvest. (FIGHT IN THE FIELDS)
Called "el brazo del diablo" [the devil's arm] by farmworkers, the damaging effects of "el cortito," the 24-inch long short hoe, issued to farmworkers to thin lettuce [called "green gold by the growers], celery and beets caused untold body damage before its use was legally stopped. "You have to walk twisted, perpendicular to the ground. You were always trying to find the best position." -- César Chávez
"I measured your land inch by inch."
-- Jessie de la Cruz, farmworker, speaking to grower